المرارة| Gallbladder

gallbladder| Gallbladder The gallbladder is a small pouch under the liver. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver. The gallbladder may be filled with bile the size of a small pear before a meal.

هناك ارسال إشارات لكي تضغط المرارة علي الصفراء المخزونة في الأمعاء الدقيقة ذلك من خلال سلسلة من الأنابيب تسمى القنوات، فالصفراء ليست ضرورية فهي تساعد الجسم على هضم الدهون، عادةً لا تؤدي إزالة المرارة لدى فرد يتمتع بصحة جيدة إلى مشاكل ملحوظة، ولكن قد يكون هناك احتمال لحدوث اسهال متكرر وسوء امتصاص الدهون.

gallbladder cases

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): For reasons that are unclear, substances in the bile can crystallize in the gallbladder, forming gallstones. Common side effects caused by common gallstones are harmless, such as pain, nausea, or inflammation.

cholecystitis: Gallstones often cause cholecystitis, severe pain and fever, and may require surgery when the infection persists or recurs.

Gallbladder cancer: Although rare, cancer can affect the gallbladder, but it is difficult to diagnose and is usually found in the later stages when symptoms may appear similar to those of gallstones.

Biliary pancreatitis: Gallstones block the ducts that drain the pancreas, and pancreatitis results in a serious condition.

Gallbladder tests

By ultrasound on the abdomen: Ultrasound is an excellent test for gallstones and to check the gallbladder wall.

Survey هيدا (cholescintigraphy): هذا الوصف ل أصفر لا تنتقل من الكبد.

تصوير البنكرياس والقنوات الصفراوية بالمنظار (ERCP): Using a flexible tube inserted through the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the doctor can see through the tube and inject dye into the ducts of the bile system. Small surgical tools can be used to treat some cases of gallstones during the ductography procedure.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas and bile ducts (MRCP): An MRI scanner provides high-resolution images of the bile ducts, pancreas and gallbladder. The MRI helps guide further treatments and tests.

Endoscopic ultrasound: A small ultrasound probe at the end of a flexible tube is inserted through the mouth and into the intestine. An endoscopic ultrasound can help detect cholelithiasis and biliary pancreatitis.

Abdominal X-ray: Although they can be used to look for other problems in the abdomen, X-rays generally cannot diagnose gallbladder disease, however X-rays may be able to detect gallstones.

Gallbladder treatments

Gallbladder surgery (cholecystectomy):

The surgeon removes the gallbladder using either a laparoscopy (several small cuts) or a laparotomy (traditional “open” surgery with a larger incision).

Antibiotics:

Infection may occur during cholecystitis. Although antibiotics are not usually an effective treatment for cholecystitis, they can prevent the infection from spreading.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy:

After gallbladder cancer surgery, chemotherapy and radiation may be used to help prevent the cancer from returning.

acid أورسوديوكسيكوليك:

In people who have problems with gallstones and aren't good candidates for surgery, this oral medication is an option. Ursodeoxycholic acid may help dissolve small cholesterol gallstones and reduce symptoms. Another oral solution called chenodiol.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: High-energy shock waves from a machine are projected through the abdominal wall, causing the gallstones to break down. Lithotripsy works best if there are only a few small stones present.

Dissolving contact solvent: A needle is inserted through the skin into the gallbladder, and chemicals are injected to dissolve gallstones. This technique is rarely used.